2024-03-29T05:59:10Zhttp://tesionline.unicatt.it/dspace-oai/request
oai:tesionline.unicatt.it:10280/1292013-06-04T09:57:12Zhdl_10280_34hdl_10280_70
DocTA - Doctoral Theses Archive
advisorOLIVIERI, GENNARO
advisorSAVELLI, LINO
ita
2007-02-20
2008-10-13T16:25:59Z
Nowadays, the financial guarantees system of insurance market is being interested by a Community reform process (Solvency II project). Even if the current hypothesis are far to be definitive, the present guidelines state that the Solvency Capital Requirement (SCR) related to Interest Rate Risk (IRR) has to be quantified assuming deterministic shocks to the yield curve. The aim of the thesis is to improve the assessment of SCR connected to IRR, calculating interest rates according to Cox, Ingersoll and Ross (cir) stochastic model. Simulations are developed on the asset liability equilibria of a theoretical life insurance company, in order to better appreciate the SCR algebra sensitivity to changes in CIR model parameters.
authorBARZANTI, MARCO
editorBANFI, ALBERTO
Progetti di riforma delle garanzie finanziarie del settore assicurativo: valutazione del rischio finanziario in una compagnia ramo vita
2008-10-13T16:25:59Z
Il sistema delle garanzie finanziarie del mercato assicurativo è, allo stato attuale, oggetto di processi di riforma comunitari (c.d. progetto Solvency II). Le ipotesi fino ad ora elaborate, nonostante siano lontane dal potersi definire conclusive, prevedono l'apprezzamento del margine di solvibilità relativo al rischio di tasso d'interesse (IRR) assumendo che la struttura per scadenza sia oggetto di shift paralleli della curva. Noti i limiti dell'approccio deterministico ed in forza dei principi fino ad ora consolidati, il presente elaborato si propone l'obiettivo di quantificare il requisito di capitale di una compagnia operante nel ramo vita, a fronte dell'IRR, ipotizzando che la dinamica dei tassi sia governata da un processo stocastico nella forma del modello Cox Ingersoll e Ross (CIR). Le simulazioni sono state sviluppate sugli equilibri patrimoniali di una teorica compagnia, al fine di apprezzare in maniera asettica il contributo dell'impostazione promossa.
Barzanti, Marco. "Progetti di riforma delle garanzie finanziarie del settore assicurativo: valutazione del rischio finanziario in una compagnia ramo vita", Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, XIX ciclo, a.a. 2005/06, Milano, [http://hdl.handle.net/10280/129].
http://hdl.handle.net/10280/129
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Previous issue date: 2007-02-20
oai:tesionline.unicatt.it:10280/1302013-06-04T09:57:12Zhdl_10280_34hdl_10280_70
DocTA - Doctoral Theses Archive
advisorERZEGOVESI, LUCA
advisorGUALANDRI, ELISABETTA
ita
2007-02-20
2008-10-13T16:26:01Z
Securitisation is a structured finance instrument which involves pooling of financial assets (such as loans and bonds) and creating multiple tranched liabilities, collateralized debt obligation (CDO), of a single issuer with different risk-return characteristics, which are sold as separate securities. According to the New Basel Capital Accord, tranching is the key feature that distinguishes securitisation transactions; although commonly applied, the factors that determine the extent and the nature of tranching remain largely unknown. Moreover, because tranching allows the risk characteristics of the collateral pool to be transformed, it contributes to transaction complexity in assessing the risk properties of such structured instruments: the risk profile that can be generated through tranched exposure, in terms both of expected/unexpected incidence losses and correlated default of pool assets, can lead to substantial differences among tranches, depending on the level of subordination below a certain tranche. Key to the reliability of structured finance pricing and ratings is the accuracy in assessing the credit risk in the underlying portfolio (credit risk modelling), as well as the accurate modelling of the distribution of cash flows to different classes of CDO (cash flow modelling). By analyzing the finance literature relating to security design and securitization this thesis provides an analysis of the efficiency of financial intermediation model based on securitisation and an empirical test of theories supporting the economic added value of tranching, with regard to SMEs loan securitisation, which topic was specifically investigated during a stage at the European Investment Fund. By realization of a computational model, performed using a multidimensional modelling software (Quantrix), the thesis closely examines securitisation transaction's technicalities, by modelling both portfolio cash flows and funds allocation (Waterfall Payment Order), in order to asses the ability of the structure to withstand various stressed scenarios. This analysis offers an analytical and micro-approach to securitisation transactions, which has not deeply investigated in academic literature yet. The model applies to SMEs loan securitisation transactions, concluded within specific securitisation European Programme (Ftpyme in Spain and Promise in Germany).
authorBROCCARDO, ELEONORA
editorBANFI, ALBERTO
Le strutture innovative per la cartolarizzazione del prestiti: valore economico del tranching e modelli di misurazione del rischio di credito
2008-10-13T16:26:01Z
L'elemento che distingue un'operazione di cartolarizzazione consiste, secondo la definizione espressa nell'accordo di Basilea2, nell'identificazione di almeno due differenti posizioni di rischio (tranche), stratificate e subordinate, emesse a fronte di uno specifico portafoglio di attività. Nonostante il ricorso al tranching sia ampiamente diffuso e standardizzato le determinanti che giustificano il ricorso all'emissione multi-tranche sono ad oggi poco approfondite. Inoltre, i titoli emessi a fronte di operazioni di cartolarizzazione (CDO) possiedono profili di esposizione al rischio di credito differenziati, in termini di incidenza delle perdite attese ed inattese, ed in termini di correlazione con altri fattori di rischio: la valutazione del profilo di rischio è condizione necessaria per l'attribuzione di un giudizio di rating e per la definizione di un appropriato premio al rischio (pricing). Si rivela necessaria tanto la stima della distribuzione delle perdite del portafoglio (credit risk modelling) quanto l'analisi strutturale dei flussi di cassa generati e l'allocazione degli stessi alle tranche (cash flow modelling). Sulla base della letteratura di security design la tesi intende valutare l'efficienza del processo di intermediazione basato sulla cartolarizzazione multi-tranche rispetto all'intermediazione bancaria tradizionale e a forme di asset-backed security con unica tranche e focalizza l'analisi attraverso una verifica empirica delle teorie economiche a supporto del tranching, con particolare riferimento alla cartolarizzazione dei prestiti concessi ad imprese di piccola e media dimensione, oggetto di analisi specifica condotta nell'ambito di un'esperienza di stage presso il Fondo europeo degli investimenti. Quindi, grazie alla realizzazione di un modello computazionale sviluppato con un software di pianificazione finanziaria multidimensionale (Quantrix), la tesi presenta un approfondimento delle technicalities, mediante una modellizzazione dei flussi e della loro allocazione (Waterfall Payment Order), allo scopo di apprezzare il valore aggiunto di queste strutture di intermediazione. Aspetto, questo, non sviluppato nella letteratura accademica. L'analisi si rivolge alle operazioni realizzate nell'ambito dei due principali programmi di cartolarizzazione dei prestiti alle PMI attuati in Europa (Ftpyme e Promise).
Broccardo, Eleonora. "Le strutture innovative per la cartolarizzazione del prestiti: valore economico del tranching e modelli di misurazione del rischio di credito", Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, XIX ciclo, a.a. 2005/06, Milano, [http://hdl.handle.net/10280/130].
http://hdl.handle.net/10280/130
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Previous issue date: 2007-02-20
oai:tesionline.unicatt.it:10280/1312013-06-04T09:57:12Zhdl_10280_34hdl_10280_70
DocTA - Doctoral Theses Archive
advisorPAVARANI, EUGENIO
advisorRAGAZZI, GIORGIO
ita
2007-02-20
2008-10-13T16:26:02Z
This work analyses the techniques to assess the cost of equity of Italian banks in the light of two antithetical investment policies: international portfolio diversification and ownership concentration directed to hold large blocks of shares. Financial market integration and European Monetary Union involve using a broader index, referred to the Euro area, as the proxy for the market portfolio pointed out by CAPM. The analysis carried out on a sample of Italian banks shows this change brings about a reduction of both the estimated Beta and the cost of equity. This is due to the limited contribution that domestic market index makes to the systematic risk of the Euro portfolio. The control of the decision-making process enables the holders of large blocks of shares to extract private benefits and to obtain extra returns compared with other investors. This can explain an investment policy directed to wealth concentration. That causes a higher equity cost of equity.
authorCHIESI, GIAN MARCO
editorBANFI, ALBERTO
Il costo del capitale proprio nella banche: rassegna dei modelli di analisi e verifica empirica per il sistema bancario italiano
2008-10-13T16:26:02Z
Il lavoro stima il costo del capitale delle banche italiane alla luce di due antitetici comportamenti di investimento: diversificazione internazionale di portafoglio e concentrazione proprietaria volta alla detenzione di pacchetti azionari rilevanti. L'integrazione dei mercati finanziari e l'adozione della moneta unica determinano la necessità di allargare all'area valutaria il correlato empirico al portafoglio di mercato indicato dal CAPM. La verifica condotta su un campione di banche italiane evidenzia la riduzione dei Beta e del costo del capitale proprio a causa del limitato contributo fornito al rischio sistematico del portafoglio riferito all'area valutaria da parte del mercato azionario nazionale e delle banche italiane. La detenzione del potere decisionale consente agli azionisti rilevanti di ottenere, in termini di private benefits, un sovra-rendimento che giustifica strategie volte alla concentrazione di ricchezza. Questo genera per le banche italiane un incremento del costo del capitale.
Chiesi, Gian Marco. "Il costo del capitale proprio nella banche: rassegna dei modelli di analisi e verifica empirica per il sistema bancario italiano", Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, XVIII ciclo, a.a. 2005/06, Milano, [http://hdl.handle.net/10280/131].
http://hdl.handle.net/10280/131
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Previous issue date: 2007-02-20
oai:tesionline.unicatt.it:10280/1322013-06-04T09:57:12Zhdl_10280_34hdl_10280_70
DocTA - Doctoral Theses Archive
advisorGUALANDRI, ELISABETTA
advisorPATTARIN, FRANCESCO
advisorBARONTINI, ROBERTO
ita
2007-02-20
2008-10-13T16:26:04Z
Due to the consequences that the phenomenon entails both on the financial and real sides of the economy, the analysis and prediction of corporate failures continue to be a current topic in economic research. The recent efforts laid by the Basel Committee towards the diffusion of more precise and objective ways of assessing credit risk have further increased the importance of this matter.
The purpose of the study is to analyse the bankruptcy phenomenon among Italian firms, in order to assess what firm-specific and industry variables are more important in determining corporate failure events.
We develop a bankruptcy prediction model that aims at detecting early signals of financial distress. The econometric analysis is based on a wide and unique sample of recent failure events: comparable sets of bankrupt and non-bankrupt firms are identified and several prior balance-sheet and economic indicators are tested for their power in predicting failure probabilities in a logit modelling framework; model performances are cross-validated on hold-out samples.
The analyses provide evidence of the importance of industry membership in determining and shaping corporate failure processes: sector-specific models produce a better assessment of financial distress than general ones. Also, some common factors emerge as important predictors of corporate collapse across different industries: age, gearing and the composition of a firm's debt, as well as its capability of generating profits.
authorGRASSELLI, FRANCESCA
editorBANFI, ALBERTO
L'Analisi e la Previsione delle Insolvenze: Lo Studio del Caso Italiano
2008-10-13T16:26:04Z
A causa delle conseguenze che il fenomeno comporta, sia sul piano finanziario sia sul fronte dell'economia reale, l'analisi e la previsione delle insolvenze societarie continua a rappresentare un argomento attuale nell'ambito della ricerca economica. I recenti sforzi condotti dal Comitato di Basilea verso la diffusione di criteri di valutazione del rischio di credito più precisi ed oggettivi, hanno ulteriormente accresciuto l'importanza della materia.
L'obiettivo del presente studio è l'analisi del fenomeno del fallimento sul territorio italiano, al fine di valutare quali variabili sono più efficaci nell'individuazione di una situazione di dissesto dell'impresa.
Per l'analisi si sono sviluppati dei modelli di previsione delle insolvenze in grado di individuare i segnali early warning di dissesto finanziario. L'analisi econometrica è basata su un campione ampio ed originale di fallimenti rilevati negli anni 2003 e 2004: a tal fine sono stati costituiti dei campioni comparabili di imprese fallite e non fallite ed è stato verificato, mediante l'applicazione di una metodologia logit, il potere previsivo di diversi indici di bilancio e di variabili di tipo non finanziario. I risultati ottenuti sono stati validati su un campione hold-out.
L'analisi si evidenzia l'importanza delle caratteristiche del settore di attività nel determinare la forma del processo di fallimento: i modelli sector specific ottengono risultati migliori rispetto ai modelli generali stimati. Inoltre, alcuni fattori comuni ai diversi settori di attività si dimostrano particolarmente efficaci nella previsione dei dissesti aziendali: l'età, il livello di leverage e la composizione del debito d'impresa, così come la sua redditività.
Grasselli, Francesca. "L'Analisi e la Previsione delle Insolvenze: Lo Studio del Caso Italiano", Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, XIX ciclo, a.a. 2005/06, Milano, [http://hdl.handle.net/10280/132].
http://hdl.handle.net/10280/132
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Previous issue date: 2007-02-20
oai:tesionline.unicatt.it:10280/1332013-06-04T09:57:13Zhdl_10280_34hdl_10280_70
DocTA - Doctoral Theses Archive
advisorVEZZANI, PAOLA
ita
2007-02-20
2008-10-13T16:26:05Z
authorGRASSO, ALESSANDRO GIOVANNI
editorBANFI, ALBERTO
Classificazione, misurazione e comunicazione degli intangibili nelle banche. Una verifica empirica in tema di disclosure
2008-10-13T16:26:05Z
Il presente lavoro di ricerca si propone di indagare il tema degli intangibili, ed in particolare del capitale intellettuale, nell'industria bancaria. Decisamente poco numerosi sono i contributi sul tema che analizzano questo settore. Ciò non appare dovuto tanto alla mancanza di interesse, quanto probabilmente alle specificità che caratterizzano le attività delle banche e che le rendono meno adatte allo sviluppo di confronti con altri settori. In particolare, l'obiettivo dell'analisi è di inquadrare la comunicazione del fenomeno "intangibles" che si caratterizza per l'elevata componente di volontarietà, osservandone il livello di ampiezza e profondità all'interno del campione, anche in considerazione delle esigenze informative richieste dai diversi stakeholder aziendali. Ai fini dell'analisi vengono presi in considerazione i bilanci di esercizio, i bilanci consolidati, i bilanci sociali/ambientali pubblicati relativi al periodo 2003-2005. Il campione considerato fa riferimento a 21 gruppi bancari quotati sul listino italiano.
Grasso, Alessandro Giovanni. "Classificazione, misurazione e comunicazione degli intangibili nelle banche. Una verifica empirica in tema di disclosure", Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, XVIII ciclo, a.a. 2005/06, Milano, [http://hdl.handle.net/10280/133].
http://hdl.handle.net/10280/133
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Previous issue date: 2007-02-20
oai:tesionline.unicatt.it:10280/4622024-01-24T15:01:33Zhdl_10280_34hdl_10280_70
DocTA - Doctoral Theses Archive
advisorBARONTINI, ROBERTO
advisorBICELLI, MARCO
ITA
2009-03-06
2009-03-11T01:00:05Z
What the largest corporation pay their top managers is one of the most analyzed topics in corporate finance since Jensen and Murphy, 1990. As they noted (Jensen and Murphy 2004), a well-designed remuneration package for executives attracts the right executives at the lowest cost; retains them at the lowest cost (i.e. encourage the right executives to leave the firm at the appropriate time); and motivates executives to take actions that create long-run shareholder value and avoid actions that destroy value. However, several recent studies have shown that the characteristics of real world compensation contracts rarely meet their counterparts in compensation contracting theory because of the executives’ capability to influence the terms of their compensation package to their personal advantage. For example, Yermack (1997) provides evidence that executives influence timing of their stock option awards, receiving at-the money options just prior to releasing news that increases company stock prices. Bebchuk, Fried, and Walker (2002) and Bebchuk and Fried (2003, 2004) argue that the practice of granting options at-the-money (rather than out-of-the-money or with exercise prices indexed to market movements) reflects the influence of rent-seeking managers trying to maximize their compensation in ways that are largely camouflaged to investors and the public. Going ahead, others empirical research give proofs that the executives’ power to influence their pay package is stronger when shareholders are diffuse and more passive (Bertrand and Mullainathan, 2001), and when the corporate governance is weaker (Garvey and Milbourn, 2006; Harford and Li, 2007).
At the same time, the expropriation literature shown that dominant shareholders, especially in firms with poor corporate governance (Klapper and Love, 2004; Durnev and Kim, 2005; Dahya, Dimitrov and McConnell, 2008) and in countries with weak legal protection (La Porta, Lopez-de-Silanes, Shleifer and Vishny, 2002; Claessens, Djankov, Fan and Lang, 2002; Durnev and Kim, 2005), are able to divert resources from others shareholders to himself for personal consumption. Since expropriation implies fewer resources assignable to marginal shareholder, the firms which are ex ante more likely to be expropriated, trade at discounted valuations. Despite the considerable empirical evidence on the costs bore both by the dominant shareholder and by the minorities in case of expropriation, the literature doesn’t provide evidence of the cost supported by directors. Expropriation, in fact, represents, ex ante, a cost also for directors. First, it’s a direct cost which negatively affects the expected overall compensation rewarded, when directors have part of their remuneration which is tied to company’s performances. Since expropriation is a net loss for the company, which leads to a correspondent fall in the company market valuation, the closer is the alignment of directors’ interests with those of shareholders, the bigger is this cost. Second, since directors have to perceive the maximization of shareholders’ wealth (i.e. avoid loss of it), expropriation should affect negatively the director’s reputation capital.
This work examines the director’s compensation in firms which are more likely to be expropriated by their dominant shareholders. In essence, the question I address is whether directors discount the expropriation’s possibility, setting up conveniently their compensation’s contract. I explore this issue using a sample of directors’ compensation data of Italian Listed firms made up over the period 1999-2006. The case of Italian Listed companies is of particular interest for several concomitant reasons. First, Italian firms have been historically more prone to choosing a closely-held ownership structure characterized by a wide separation between ownership and control (Johnson, La Porta, Lopez de Silanes and Shleifer, 2000; Faccio and Lang, 2002; Volpin, 2002; and Barontini and Caprio, 2006; Mengoli, Pazzaglia, and Sapienza, 2006). Second, Italy is a country where the low protection of minority shareholders allows controlling shareholder to extract a considerable amount of private benefits (Bigelli and Mengoli, 2004; McCahery and Vermeulen, 2004; and Bigelli, Merhotra and Rau, 2006). Finally, Italy is a country where the high dominant shareholder’s capability to replace directors and where the low efficiency of the job-market of directors, provide narrowed incentives to directors in order to effective monitoring dominant shareholder’s actions (Barontini and Caprio, 2002; Volpin, 2002).
Overall, results confirm the testable hypotheses, and provide evidence of the key-role exerted by corporate governance. Firms with strong corporate governance are able to monitor the compensation policies creation process avoiding opportunistic manipulation. On the opposite, firms with weak system of corporate governance seem unable to implement compensation policies directed at the firm value maximization, and, going ahead, seem to be expropriated also by theirs directors.
authorCAROSI, ANDREA
editorBANFI, ALBERTO
Il Consiglio di Amministrazione nelle Società Quotate: Teoria ed Evidenza
2009-03-11T01:00:05Z
Il presente contributo esamina il consiglio d’amministrazione delle società aventi azioni quotate in Borsa Italiana, e le retribuzioni destinate ai suoi membri, alla luce delle numerose innovazioni dell’ordinamento giuridico italiano e seguendo quella linea di analisi recentemente proposta dalla letteratura avente alla propria base l’idea che gli amministratori possono influenzare a proprio vantaggio i termini del pay-package loro corrisposto.
A tal fine l’elaborato presenta una struttura articolata in due parti, nella prima delle quali viene fornita una visione organica dell’assetto istituzionale in cui l’analisi empirica, prodotta nella seconda, trova il proprio presupposto. Più specificatamente, la prima parte della tesi fornisce un’analisi giuridico-finanziaria della figura dell’amministratore (Capitolo 1) e del consiglio d’amministrazione (Capitolo 2), che risulta, oltre che assente in letteratura, quantomai attuale alla luce delle numerose e recenti riforme normative introdotte in materia. La normativa primaria, costituita dagli articoli del codice civile riguardanti gli amministratori ed i sistemi d’amministrazione e controllo (libro V, sezione VI bis, del Codice Civile) e dalle disposizioni contenute nel T.U.F., va oggi infatti completata con le nuove disposizioni contabili derivanti dall’applicazione degli IAS, ed in particolare dell’IFRS2, con le novità introdotte dalla cosiddetta Nuova Legge sul Risparmio (D. L. n. 262/2006), con le linee di comportamento descritte nella terza versione del Codice di Autodisciplina (Best Practice Code, 2006), con le prescrizioni di tipo previdenziale e fiscale contenute nelle Leggi "Finanziaria" del 2006 e del 2007, nonché con le novità in materia di governance bancaria volute da Mario Draghi (emanate a Marzo di quest’anno ma da recepire entro il 30 Giugno 2009). La seconda parte dell’elaborato, prendendo spunto dai diversi approcci utilizzati in letteratura (Capitolo 3), e con riferimento al contesto italiano, fornisce invece un’analisi empirica del sistema di compenso applicato agli amministratori. Dapprima è tracciata, relativamente al periodo indagato (1999-2006), la dinamica temporale della ricchezza distribuita ai propri amministratori dalle società italiane. Successivamente viene fornita una stima dell’intensità degli incentivi impliciti nei directors’ pay-packages (i.e. pay-performance sensitivity), unitamente ad una analisi delle determinanti che ne sono alla base. L’ipotesi che guida tale parte del lavoro è che in un contesto caratterizzato da proprietà concentrata, a causa della capacità dell’azionista di maggioranza di estrarre risorse dalla società, è ragionevole presumere che gli amministratori risultino destinatari di una remunerazione meno sensibile alle performances dell’impresa e tendenzialmente più elevata. Più semplicemente la questione che viene posta è se gli amministratori scontano la possibilità d’espropriazione, componendo convenientemente il proprio pacchetto di compenso.
I risultati ottenuti confermano la validità dell’impianto d’ipotesi proposto ed evidenziano che la qualità della corporate governance è la variabile chiave. Le imprese dotate di un efficace ed efficiente governo societario riescono a controllare il processo di formazione delle remuneration policies impedendone manipolazioni opportunistiche. Le imprese caratterizzate da weak corporate governance risultano invece non solo incapaci di attuare politiche retributive volte alla massimizzazione del valore d’impresa, ma anche esposte all’estrazione di risorse da parte dei propri amministratori.
Carosi, Andrea. "Il Consiglio di Amministrazione nelle Società Quotate: Teoria ed Evidenza", Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, XX ciclo, a.a. 2007/08, Milano, [http://hdl.handle.net/10280/462].
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http://hdl.handle.net/10280/462
Submitted by ANDREA CAROSI (3380071) on 2008-12-12T09:54:46Z
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Previous issue date: 2009-03-06
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oai:tesionline.unicatt.it:10280/4632013-06-04T09:57:51Zhdl_10280_34hdl_10280_70
DocTA - Doctoral Theses Archive
advisorBIGELLI, MARCO
ENG
2009-03-06
2009-03-11T01:00:07Z
Corporate equity warrants are one of the more fascinating capital-raising tools available to corporate finance officers. At a first approximation, they are option-like securities and according to this similarity, the pricing is usually performed by application of the standard option pricing theory. However, the theoretical and empirical analysis of warrants still remains an interesting research field within the finance literature. The reason is that warrants are more complex than call options. From an asset pricing point of view, the presence of some specific features (e.g., the equity dilution) prevents from using simple plain-vanilla formulas, while from a corporate finance standpoint, warrants offer several implications, principally because they affect the systematic risk of common stocks and are related to the choice of the firm’s capital structure.
The purpose of this thesis is to analyse corporate warrants and address some of the main open questions about their value. In particular, after reviewing the financial literature about warrant pricing and presenting some commonly accepted formulas, the relationship between warrants and the volatility of the underlying stock return is examined. Contrarily to the classical call options, in fact, warrants affect the capital structure of the issuing firm and produce a risk-shifting effect among equity claimants. We derive an alternative approach to pricing equity warrant, embedding this risk-shifting feature, and we propose both a theoretical simulation and an empirical test based on a sample of Italian warrants proving its accuracy.
authorBARBI, MASSIMILIANO
editorBANFI, ALBERTO
Corporate Equity Warrants: Arbitrage-Free Pricing and Implications for Corporate Finance
2009-03-11T01:00:07Z
I corporate equity warrant rappresentano un affascinante metodo di finanziamento “ibrido” disponibile per le imprese. In prima approssimazione, un warrant è assimilabile ad una opzione call e, pertanto, il pricing è spesso effettuato applicando le formule di valutazione sviluppate per tali strumenti dalla teoria finanziaria. Tuttavia, la valutazione dei warrant presenta complicazioni ulteriori rispetto alla determinazione del prezzo di opzioni call, e la ragione risiede principalmente in alcuni elementi distintivi di maggiore complessità, tra cui l’effetto diluitivo del capitale esistente derivante dall’esercizio, ed il c.d. effetto “risk-shifting”, in base al quale si verifica un trasferimento di rischio sistematico dagli azionisti ai possessori di warrant, non appena questi strumenti vengono emessi.
L’obiettivo di questa tesi è di analizzare il tema dell’emissione dei corporate warrant dal punto di vista della finanza d’impresa e derivare un metodo di pricing innovativo per tener conto di un fenomeno (risk-shifting effect) tuttora non considerato dalla letteratura finanziaria. Dopo aver derivato formalmente tale approccio e le formule ad esso conseguenti, il lavoro propone una simulazione teorica ed un test empirico condotto su un campione di warrant quotati sul mercato italiano. Entrambi tali verifiche dimostrano come il modello presentato incorpori una maggiore bontà previsiva del prezzo di mercato rispetto agli approcci esistenti.
Barbi, Massimiliano. "Corporate Equity Warrants: Arbitrage-Free Pricing and Implications for Corporate Finance", Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, XXI ciclo, a.a. 2007/08, Milano, [http://hdl.handle.net/10280/463].
Adobe PDF
http://hdl.handle.net/10280/463
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Previous issue date: 2009-03-06
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oai:tesionline.unicatt.it:10280/6912014-05-22T09:32:53Zhdl_10280_34hdl_10280_70
DocTA - Doctoral Theses Archive
advisorBIGELLI, MARCO
advisorGUALTIERI, PAOLO
ITA
2010-03-15
2010-03-20T01:00:06Z
The aim of the paper is to verify if the ownership structure of Italian listed firms was able to increase all the shareholders’ wealth in the M&A activity from 1999 to 2006. In particular, notwithstanding the characteristics of the Italian contest (weak level of corporate governance, high ownership concentration, pyramidal structures and the presence of non-voting shares), I investigate the relation between the M&A activity performance for all the shareholders and the ownership structure of the bidders. I consider a sample of 319 M&A operations made by Italian bidders from 1999 until 2006. I use the standard event study approach to estimate the performance which has been investigated in relation to ownership information of the bidder.
authorPISANO, FRANCESCO
editorBANFI, ALBERTO
LA STRUTTURA PROPRIETARIA E LA CREAZIONE DI VALORE NELLE OPERAZIONI DI AGGREGAZIONE DELLE SOCIETA' QUOTATE IN ITALIA
2010-03-20T01:00:06Z
L’obiettivo del presente elaborato è verificare se le caratteristiche della struttura proprietaria delle società quotate italiane hanno contribuito a incrementare la creazione di valore per tutti gli azionisti nelle operazioni di fusione e acquisizione effettuate dalle stesse società nel periodo dal 1999 al 2006. In particolare si verifica se, in un contesto che era caratterizzato da un basso livello di corporate governance, con elevata concentrazione della proprietà, con presenza di strutture proprietarie piramidali e azioni senza diritti di voto, esiste una relazione tra la profittabilità delle operazioni di acquisizione per tutti gli azionisti e la struttura proprietaria della società bidder. A tal fine è stato considerato un campione iniziale di 319 eventi di fusione e di acquisizione relativo alle operazioni annunciate dal 1999 al 2006 da società italiane quotate; è stato quindi effettuato uno standard event study per stimarne la profittabilità e sono state inoltre raccolte e classificate le informazioni relative alla struttura proprietaria e all’azionariato della società bidder.
Pisano, Francesco. "LA STRUTTURA PROPRIETARIA E LA CREAZIONE DI VALORE NELLE OPERAZIONI DI AGGREGAZIONE DELLE SOCIETA' QUOTATE IN ITALIA", Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, XXI ciclo, a.a. 2008/09, Milano, [http://hdl.handle.net/10280/691].
Adobe PDF
http://hdl.handle.net/10280/691
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oai:tesionline.unicatt.it:10280/8672014-05-21T09:45:59Zhdl_10280_34hdl_10280_70
DocTA - Doctoral Theses Archive
advisorBAGLIONI, ANGELO STEFANO
advisorBRUNETTI, CELSO
ENG
2010-03-15
2010-11-25T01:00:05Z
authorDI FILIPPO, MARIO
editorBANFI, ALBERTO
Liquidity shocks in the euro interbank market. An investigation of their role in explaning the 2007 credit crunch
2010-11-25T01:00:05Z
Di Filippo, Mario. "Liquidity shocks in the euro interbank market. An investigation of their role in explaning the 2007 credit crunch", Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, XXI ciclo, a.a. 2008/09, Milano, [http://hdl.handle.net/10280/867].
Adobe PDF
http://hdl.handle.net/10280/867
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oai:tesionline.unicatt.it:10280/10392011-04-07T01:00:20Zhdl_10280_34hdl_10280_70
DocTA - Doctoral Theses Archive
advisorDALLOCCHIO, MAURIZIO
advisorBONINI, STEFANO
ENG
2011-04-06
2011-04-07T00:00:04Z
This thesis analyzes banks’ choices over their leverage ratio targeting. It is commonly believed that the banks’ leverage ratio is implicitly driven by the risk-related regulation set by the Basel Committee. Many recent empirical studies on the subject challenge this presumption and suggest that factors other than regulation drive the banks’ choices on leverage. A review of the recent contributions on the subject is presented in the first chapter.
In the second chapter we study how capital requirements affect banks' capital structure within a standard signaling model. We prove the existence of a separating equilibrium in which capital requirements are not binding for every type of bank, and we show that in equilibrium there exists a negative relationship between bank's leverage and its intrinsic quality: it is the low type bank that takes on more debt. This result, in contrast with the traditional theory of corporate finance, sheds some light on some of the recent financial crises episodes and hence questions the effectiveness of the current regulatory environment.
Finally, in the last chapter, we conduct an empirical analysis on the cross-sectional determinants of banks' leverage. We find a negative and stable relation between banks leverage and the quality of their assets. This result is proved valid under different definition of assets' quality, based on ex-ante and ex-post expectation of the realization of asset quality. The results suggest that banks might target a certain leverage ratio to reveal their true quality to the market: the higher quality banks signal their private information to the market with a lower level of leverage, passing over some profitable opportunities to gain from a lower cost of funding.
authorSAMORI, DOMITILLA FLAVIA
editorBANFI, ALBERTO
BANKS' LEVERAGE
2011-04-07T00:00:04Z
Questa tesi cerca di analizzare le determinanti della struttura finanziaria delle banche. Si ritiene generalmente che il leverage ratio bancario sia determinato indirettamente tramite l’applicazione di requisiti patrimoniali, in particolare requisiti legati al rischio dell’investimento come nello schema di Basilea II. Molti dei recenti contributi empirici criticano questa tesi ed anzi individuano fattori di mercato come principali variabili nella determinazione del leverage. Una collezione dei recenti studi in materia viene raccolta nel primo capitolo.
Nel secondo capitolo, si analizza l’impatto dei requisiti patrimoniali sulla struttura finanziaria delle banche all’interno di un modello di signaling. Viene dimostrata l’esistenza di un equilibrio di separazione, in cui i requisiti patrimoniali non sono vincolanti per ogni tipo di banca; si dimostra inoltre che in equilibrio esiste una relazione negativa tra il leverage bancario e la qualità degli attivi: è infatti la banca di minore qualità ad avere un leverage maggiore. Questo risultato, in contrasto con la tradizionale teoria di finanza aziendale, può aiutare a comprendere alcuni episodi della recente crisi finanziaria ed interroga l’efficacia del sistema di Basilea II.
Infine, nell’ultimo capitolo, viene condotta un’analisi empirica sulle determinanti del leverage bancario . Sono identificate relazioni stabili e negative tra il leverage delle banche incluse nel campione e la qualità dei loro attivi. Questo risultato si conferma al variare degli strumenti utilizzati per identificare la qualità degli attivi. Questa relazione negativa ci suggerisce che le banche si pongano l’obiettivo di targettizzare un certo livello di leverage per dare un segnale al mercato circa la loro qualità intrinseca: migliore la qualità degli attivi, minore è il loro utilizzo di leva finanziaria. Queste banche rinunciano ad intraprendere investimenti profittevoli pur lanciare un messaggio al mercato e ridurre il costo del finanziamento.
Samori, Domitilla Flavia. "BANKS' LEVERAGE", Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, XXII ciclo, a.a. 2009/10, Milano, [http://hdl.handle.net/10280/1039].
Adobe PDF
http://hdl.handle.net/10280/1039
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oai:tesionline.unicatt.it:10280/6942013-06-04T09:58:42Zhdl_10280_34
DocTA - Doctoral Theses Archive
advisorANOLLI, MARIO
ENG
2010-03-15
2010-03-20T01:00:08Z
This thesis is composed by three different papers that confirm us the predictability of expected returns using different simple portfolio strategy and under different point of view (i.e. a generic saver and institutional investor).
In the first chapter, I investigate the profitability of contrarian strategy in the Italian Stock Market.
However empirical research has shown that asset returns tend to exhibit some form of negative autocorrelation in the short term and mean-reversion over long horizons. Contrarian strategy is used to take advantage of serial correlation in stock price returns, such that selling winners and buying losers generates abnormal profits.
On the second chapter, the analyse is focused in another classic portfolio strategy called Dollar Cost Averaging (DCA). Dollar Cost Averaging refers to an investment methodology in which a set dollar amount is invested in a risky asset at equal intervals over a holding period. The paper compares the advantages and risk of this strategy from the point of view of a saver.
Lastly, supposing to be an institutional investor who has a large number of information and forecasts, I tried to understand how using all them he decide with dispatch how to allocate the portfolio fund.
When a wide set of forecasts of some future economic events are available, decision makers usually attempt to discover which is the best forecast, but in almost all cases a decision maker cannot identify ex ante the true process. This observation has led researchers to introduce several sources of uncertainty in forecasting exercises. The paper supporting the existent literature employs a novel approaches to transform predicted returns into portfolio asset allocations, and their relative performances. First of all dealing with model uncertainty, as Pesaran and Timmerman (1996), I consider a richer parameterization for the forecasting model to find that the predictive power of various economic and financial factors over excess returns change through time.
authorBORELLO, GIULIANA
editorBANFI, ALBERTO
EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE ON PREDICTABILITY OF EXCESS RETURNS: CONTRARIAN STRATEGY, DOLLAR COST AVERAGING, TACTICAL ASSET ALLOCATION BASED ON A THICK MODELING STRATEGY
2010-03-20T01:00:08Z
Questa tesi è composta da 3 differenti lavori che ci confermano la prevedibilità degli extra rendimenti rispetto al mercato usando semplici strategie di portafoglio azionario utilizzabili sia dal semplice risparmiatore sia dall'investitore istituzionale.
Nel primo capitolo è stata analizzata la profittabilità della contrarian strategy nel mercato azionario Italiano. In letteratura é stato già abbondantemente dimostrato che i rendimenti azionari sono caratterizzati da un’autocorrelazione negativa nel breve periodo e da un effetto di ritorno alla media nel lungo periodo. La contrarian strategy é utilizzata per trarre profitto dalla correlazione seriale negativa dei rendimenti azionari, infatti, vendendo i titoli che si sono rivelati vincenti nel passato (in termini di rendimento) e acquistando quelli "perdenti" si ottengono profitti inaspettati.
Nel secondo paper, l'analisi si focalizza sulla strategia di portafoglio definita Dollar Cost Averaging (DCA). La Dollar Cost Averaging si riferisce a una semplice metodologia di portafoglio che prevede di investire una somma fissa di denaro in un'attività rischiosa a uguali intervalli di tempo, per tutto l'orizzonte temporale prefissato. Il lavoro si propone di confrontare i vantaggi, in termini di riduzione sostanziale del rischio, di questa strategia dal punto di vista di un semplice risparmiatore. Nell'ultimo capitolo, ipotizzando di essere un investitore istituzionale che possiede ogni giorno numerose informazioni e previsioni, ho cercato di capire come egli può usare tutte le informazioni in suo possesso per decidere prontamente come allocare al meglio il patrimonio del fondo. L’investitore normalmente cerca di identificare la migliore previsione possibile, ma quasi sempre non riesce ad identificare l’esatto processo dei prezzi sottostanti. Quest’osservazione ha condotto molti ricercatori ad utilizzare numerosi fattori esplicativi per ottenere un buona previsione. Il paper supporta l’esistente letteratura che utilizza un nuovo approccio per trasformare previsioni di rendimenti in scelte di gestione di portafoglio che possano offrire una maggiore performance del portafoglio.Partendo dal modello d’incertezza di Pesaran e Timmerman(1996), considero un cospicuo numero di fattori macroeconomici per identificare un modello predittivo che mi permetta di prevedere i movimenti del mercato tenendo presente i maggiori indicatori economici e finanziari e considerato che il loro rispettivo potere predittivo cambia nel tempo.
Borello, Giuliana. "EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE ON PREDICTABILITY OF EXCESS RETURNS: CONTRARIAN STRATEGY, DOLLAR COST AVERAGING, TACTICAL ASSET ALLOCATION BASED ON A THICK MODELING STRATEGY", Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, XXII ciclo, a.a. 2008/09, Milano, [http://hdl.handle.net/10280/694].
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http://hdl.handle.net/10280/694
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Previous issue date: 2010-03-15
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